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Downstream oil refining reports
IMO 2020 regulation poses little risk to Singapore's bunkering hub status
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a global cap of 0.5% sulphur in all bunker fuels starting January 2020. While this poses chal...
IMO 2020 transition – smooth sailing so far
Originally, when the IMO sulphur specification change was announced, the refining market was concerned there would be significant surpluses of high...
IMO bunker sulphur changes - smooth sailing or rough seas?
This report analyses the impact of the IMO's decision to reduce the global limit on sulphur in marine fuels from 2020, which has the potential to b...
Impact of high natural gas prices on refining
Natural gas is a key input to the refining sector, as both a fuel and feedstock for hydrogen, essential to the production of sulphur free transport...
Low sulphur fuel oil for bunkers - sweet enough?
The IMO Annex VI protocol will reduce the worldwide sulphur limit for marine fuels to 5000 ppm. Marine fuels which comply with the global sulphur c...
Low-carbon hydrogen in refining: options and economics
About 65% of refinery hydrogen demand is met by hydrogen produced as a by-product of refinery processes. By-product hydrogen is less likely to be r...
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